BE NICE. I AM CURRENTLY ONLY BACKING UP STUFF A COUPLE TIMES A DAY!
| ID | Type | desc | Invention Date | added/modifed | Comments | name |
| 136 | art | 1893-94 World's Columbian Exposition; Chicago, Illinois | Oct 1893 | 21-Jul-07 | First usage of AC electric power in mass quantity for public consumption, powering several square miles (the White City and the Midway). Architectual advances included the largest standing building structure to that date and the Ferris Wheel. | M. Filter |
| 51 | invention | SuperPaint, a graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup at Xerox PARC, produced its first stable image. | Apr 1973 | 23-Jan-07 | SuperPaint was one of the first imaging programs to feature anti-aliasing. | Nicholas |
| 52 | invention | The National Center for Supercomputing Applications released the first popular World Wide Web browser and gopher, Mosaic. | Dec 1993 | 23-Jan-07 | Nicholas | |
| 53 | invention | Artist-scientist Wilson Bentley combined a bellows camera with a compound microscope and captured the first known photomicrographs of snowflakes. Bentley poetically described snowflakes as "tiny miracles of beauty" and snow crystals as "ice flowers." He went on to document the natural beauty of over 5000 snowflakes in his lifetime. Bentley experimented with positive and negative images of snowflakes to produce truly one-of-a-kind images. Taking a cue from nature, he created his own "snowflakes" by arranging individual photographs into geometric patterns and photographing them as a single image. | Jan 1885 | 24-Jan-07 | Gerra | |
| 54 | art | Open Source Feral Robotic Dogs by Natalie Jeremijenko | Mar 2003 | 07-Feb-07 | (not sure exactly when invented) Feral robots are roving packs of adapted open source robot dogs that are released to investigate contaminated urban sites. The members of these packs begin as commercially available robotic dog toys. Jeremijenko exploits the markets of scale and the corporate distribution power of the toy companies by using robot dogs, the least expensive and most widely distributed robotic platform. The behavior of the dogs is modified with new abilities allowing them to sense an environmental toxin, to follow concentration gradients of that toxin and to display information with their movement. Using the movements of the dogs to visualize information makes them accessible to a wider audience, even very young children. The pack releases also create mediagenic events that draw attention to the contaminated sites. | rose |
| 55 | invention | first issue of TV Guide | Dec 1955 | 24-Jan-07 | rose | |
| 56 | invention | Xerox's first automatic paper copier | Dec 1959 | 24-Jan-07 | Rose | |
| 57 | invention | In the 1890's Alexander Stepanovich Popov invented the first radio wave receiver in Russia. Across the ocean in America, Nikola Tesla invented and patented the first radio transmitter. Combined, these two technologies revolutionized communication and provided the first means of "sending" entertainment to a remote audience. | Dec 1894 | 24-Jan-07 | Gerra | |
| 58 | art | Piss Christ is a controversial photograph by American photographer Andres Serrano. It depicts a small plastic crucifix supporting the body of Jesus Christ submerged in a glass of the artist's urine. | Dec 1989 | 13-Sep-07 | The piece caused a scandal when it was exhibited in 1989, with detractors accusing Serrano of blasphemy and others raising this as a major issue of artistic freedom (?). On the floor of the United States Senate, Senators Al D'Amato and Jesse Helms expressed outrage that the piece was supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, since it is a federal taxpayer-financed institution.He is right.It's a gimmick, not art. Since the 1960's anything can be "called" art, exhibited and sold ($$$)as art. | tired of trash |
| 60 | art | Cherry Blossom by Antenna Design Inc. is an interactive installation. The installation follows an existing path in the National Design Museum. When people walk the path the installation parallel to the path monitors the amount of traffic, with each step taken in the path an image is projected. | Dec 2003 | 26-Jan-07 | If you want to see a video go to antennadesign.com and click on Installations and then Cherry Blossom | Jennifer |
| 62 | art | Electricfuneral.com first online virtual graveyard site | Dec 2000 | 26-Jan-07 | ||
| 63 | art | Marcel Duchamp's submission of a urinal (titled "Fountain") to the Society of Independent Artists show. It began the Dada movement, which questioned what exactly was art. This subsequently lead to conceptual art | Dec 1917 | 27-Jan-07 | Christopher Schneber | |
| 64 | art | Stelarc's Ping Body | Nov 1995 | 30-Jan-07 | At the November 1995 Telepolis 'Fractal Flesh' event, Paris (the Pompidou Centre), Helsinki (The Media Lab) and Amsterdam (for the Doors of Perception Conference) were electronically linked through a performance website allowing the audience to remotely access, view and actuate Stelarc's body via a computer-interfaced muscle-stimulation system based at the main performance site in Luxembourg. Although the body's movements were involuntary, it could respond by activating its robotic Third Hand and also trigger the upload of images to a website so that the performance could be monitored live on the Net. Web server statistics indicated the live event was watched worldwide. | |
| 65 | art | Mark Napier's Net.Flag | Dec 2002 | 30-Jan-07 | Mark Napier was commissioned by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum to create Net.Flag (2002), a dynamic online work that allows viewers to modify the look of a virtual flag in real time. The Guggenheim also acquired the work--the software with its dynamically changing content--for its permanent collection. In addition, as part of the purchase agreement, Napier insisted that the work "always be on view." This is a condition that could never be accommodated for any physical work of art, but which, while still ambitious, is not unattainable online. http://netflag.guggenheim.org/netflag/ | |
| 66 | art | Sol Lewitt's Four Geometric Figures in a Room, commissioned by the Walker Art Center in 1984 | Dec 1984 | 30-Jan-07 | The artwork is the following set of instructions that are not specifically executed by anyone: Four geometric figures (circle, square, trapezoid, parallelogram) drawn with four-inch (10 cm) wide band of yellow color ink wash. The areas inside the figures are blue color ink wash, and the areas outside the figures are red color ink wash. On each side of the walls are bands of India ink wash. | dj universe televibo |
| 67 | art | John Cage's Imaginary Landscape No. 4 presented for the first time. | Dec 1951 | 30-Jan-07 | Calvin Tomkins tells the story of the first time that John Cage presented Imaginary Landscape No. 4 (1951), a composition that involves operating 12 radios according to a particular script. By the time Cage and his performers took the stage, it was after midnight, and the radio spectrum was practically silent. There were no sound streams for the radios to manipulate. Needless to say, the performance was not such a great success. (from http://neme.org/main/524/collecting-new-media-art, NeMe: Collecting New Media Art: Just Like Anything Else, Only Different by Steve Dietz) | televiboat |
| 68 | invention | Auguste and Louis Lumiere, (inventor of the Cinematographe, an all-in-one portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector) are credited with the world's first public film screening on December 28, 1895. | Dec 1895 | 01-Feb-07 | The showing of approximately ten short films lasting only twenty minutes in total was held in the basement lounge of the Grand Cafe on the Boulevard des Capucines in Paris and would be the very first public demonstration of their device they called the Cinematograph which effectively functioned as camera, projector and printer all in one. "the cinema is an invention without any future" - Louis Lumiere | rose |
| 69 | invention | Ottmar Mergenthaler (born in Wrttemberg, Germany on May 11th, 1854) produces the world's first linecasting machine in the USA. | Dec 1886 | 01-Feb-07 | The machine is called "Blower" and later renamed "Linotype" (short for "Line of type"). | Daniel Goscha |
| 70 | invention | John Goffe Rand, an American, invented the collapsible tin tube for paint that saved time and money as well as allowed mobility. The artists could carry their paint outdoors. This was necessary for impressionist paintings and all that followed. | Dec 1841 | 01-Feb-07 | This was necessary for impressionist paintings and all that followed. | Alice |
| 140 | invention | asbcfbnchjbn hjbnvj | Dec 1211 | 14-Dec-07 | asnjklvnsdklvnjdf | |
| 72 | invention | "First Things First 2000", a design manifesto published in Adbusters, the AIGA Journal, Blueprint, Emigre, Eye, Form, Items | Dec 2000 | 05-Feb-07 | Eric Benson | |
| 73 | art | Adbusters Media Foundation is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1989 by Kalle Lasn and Bill Schmalz in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The foundation publishes Adbusters, a 120,000-circulation, reader-supported activistmagazine, devoted to numerous political and social causes, many of which areanti-consumerism in nature. Adbusters has also launched numerous international social marketing campaigns, including Buy Nothing Day and TV Turnoff Week. Adbusters has affiliation with sister organizations such as L'association R￩sistance ￠ l'Aggression Publicitaire in France, Adbusters Norge in Norway, Adbusters Sverige in Sweden and Culture Jammers in Japan | Dec 1989 | 05-Feb-07 | The first time I read the "Design Anarchy" issue of ADBUSTERS...it truly changed the way I thought about my place in the world as a visual communicator, artist, and teacher. | Sum28 |
| 74 | art | Hip hop is a cultural movement that began among (but is not limited to) African-American and Puerto Rican communities in the South Bronx in the late 1970s. Portions of the culture began spreading into the mainstream during the early 1980s; by the 1990s, hip hop culture had spread all over the world. The movement is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash + the Furious Five, Afrika Bambaattaa and Disco King Mario. The main aspects, or "elements," of hip hop culture are MCing (rapping), DJing, urban inspired art/tagging (graffiti), b-boying (or breakdancing, to most), and beatboxing. Most consider knowledge, or "droppin' science," as the sixth element. The most known "extended" elements are political activism, hip hop fashion, hip hop slang, double dutching (an urban form of rope skipping), or other elements as important facets of hip hop. In mainstream spheres, the term "hip hop" typically refers only to hip hop music (or rap music), the music produced by the MCing and DJing aspects of hip hop culture. Originating from socially marginalized groups, the hip hop culture is spontaneously nonconformist in relation to the western system of values and aesthetics. | Dec 1973 | 08-Feb-07 | Hip Hop has changed the way we communicate, the way talk, and the way we view everything around us. It is one of the most important cultures to ever be created..because it totally describes the American experience; a hodge podge of language, art, and energy. | Sum28 |
| 75 | art | Hippolyte Bayard's staged photograph titled Self Portrait as a Drowned Man in which Bayard writes on the back that it is an image of himself. | Dec 1840 | 05-Feb-07 | ryan | |
| 76 | art | Contestational Biology (by Critical Art Ensemble) - the development of an amateur scientific practice that opposes corporate hegemony in the sciences, especially in regards to the euphemistically titled life sciences. | Dec 2003 | 06-Feb-07 | Fuzzy Biological Sabotage is one way of practicing Contestational Biology. See also Natalie Jeremijenko--Heath Bunting--Eugene Thacker's Biotech Hobbyist Kit. | ryan |
| 77 | invention | Creative Commons, an alternative legal framework to the current copyright regime. Allows artists, scientists and others to attach legal contracts to their work that allow for greater accessibility and openness. | Dec 2001 | 05-Feb-07 | While not a physical invention, Creative Commons can be thought of as a constructed form of software or interface for intellectual property and copyright law. There are certainly many important criticisms of Creative Commons as well, but these questions become more accessible through the CC intervention into the otherwise monolithic IP framework. | ryan |
| 89 | art | Hermann Zapf designs the Palatino typeface. | Dec 1948 | 07-Feb-07 | This typeface was released by the Linotype foundry. | Mary Cha |
| 80 | art | Baskerville Typeface | Dec 1757 | 06-Feb-07 | Adam Muran | |
| 81 | art | Eurostile typeface is invented by Aldo Novarese. | Dec 1952 | 06-Feb-07 | Jamie Gold | |
| 82 | art | Optima typeface is developed by Hermann Zapf | Dec 1958 | 06-Feb-07 | Renee Ferron | |
| 83 | art | Helvetica typeface. | Dec 1957 | 06-Feb-07 | Created by Max Miedinger. Typeface originally called Haas-Grotesk, until 1960, when the name was changed to the current one. | Russell Dietrich |
| 84 | invention | Morris Fuller Benton designs the Franklin Gothic typeface. | Dec 1902 | 06-Feb-07 | mariko | |
| 85 | art | "Treasury of Optics" by Abu-Ali Al-Hasan ibn Al-Haytham (Alhazen) | Dec 1025 | 06-Feb-07 | Explains how lenses work, described the construction of the eye, made parabolic mirrors, and gave experimental values for the refraction of light - and rainbows. | |
| 86 | invention | Bembo Typeface | Dec 1495 | 06-Feb-07 | Darren McPherson | |
| 87 | art | Gill Sans Typeface | Dec 1928 | 06-Feb-07 | Created by Eric Gill. | Tanya Boonroueng |
| 88 | art | Verdana typeface. Designed by Matthew Carter for Microsoft Corporation. It was released on July 8, 1996. | Jul 1996 | 25-Jul-08 | Tirso Gamboa | |
| 90 | invention | Holography was invented over Easter, 1947 by Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor (1900-1979), for which he received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1971. | Apr 1947 | 07-Feb-07 | Salvador Dali claimed to have been the first to employ holography artistically. He was certainly the first and most notorious surrealist to do so, but the 1972 New York exhibit of Dali holograms had been preceded by the holographic art exhibition which was held at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan in 1968 and by the one at the Finch College gallery in New York in 1970, which attracted national media attention. | Kathleen J |
| 91 | invention | Arial font | Dec 1982 | 07-Feb-07 | Erin | |
| 92 | invention | cooper black was made in 1921 and released in 1922 | Dec 1921 | 07-Feb-07 | Created by Oswald Bruce Cooper | Paul Gamo |
| 93 | invention | courier typeface | Dec 1955 | 07-Feb-07 | designed by Howard 'Bud' Kettler | |
| 94 | art | The typeface Adobe Jenson is based on the late-15th century types by the printer Nicholas Jenson. It has low contrast and harmonious proportions with scribal ideals of the Venetian Renaissance. | Dec 1996 | 07-Feb-07 | Jill Kramer | |
| 95 | invention | Humphry Davy discovers the electric arc. | Dec 1800 | 08-Feb-07 | His discovery paves the way for arc welding and metal scuplture. | Tanya L. Crenshaw |
| 96 | invention | IEEE forms the 802 LAN MAN Standards Committee. | Dec 1980 | 08-Feb-07 | The 802 group is best known for adopting the 802.3 Ethernet standard. | Tanya L. Crenshaw |
| 97 | invention | IEEE publishes the initial 802.11 wireless standard. | Dec 1997 | 08-Feb-07 | This standard describes the requirements for implementing a wireless Local Area Network (LAN) using infrared or spread spectrum radio frequency. | Tanya L. Crenshaw |
| 98 | art | Mark Bain creates the "Sniffer." | Dec 2002 | 08-Feb-07 | The Sniffer intercepts wireless communication and vocalizes the intercepted transmissions directly as audio data. Bain says of the Sniffer, "It is a signal diviner, a transducer of 0s and 1s and speed." | Tanya L. Crenshaw |
| 99 | art | Alexander Calder invents the mobile, term coined by Marcel Duchamp. | Dec 1931 | 08-Feb-07 | For Calder, mobiles are structures that move randomly, propelled only by wind currents. | Tanya L. Crenshaw |
| 101 | art | Death of Leonardo da Vinci in France. | Dec 1519 | 08-Feb-07 | ||
| 102 | invention | Moog Music began production of the Minimoog Model D which was among the first widely available, portable and relatively affordable synthesizers | Dec 1971 | 08-Feb-07 | Michael Twidale | |
| 103 | art | The first pictures of the Mandelbrot set are drawn. | Dec 1978 | 08-Feb-07 | Fractal art, only possible to generate by computers but reflecting an amazing number of natural phenomena captures the imagination of mathematicians and artists | Michael Twidale |
| 104 | invention | Colombus sails the ocean blue | Dec 1492 | 08-Feb-07 | ||
| 105 | art | Marilyn Manson is inspired to begin a musical career, defining a whole generation of make up wearing faux-goth angsty teens | Dec 1989 | 08-Feb-07 | ||
| 131 | invention | Albrecht Duerer: "Mechanical creation of an image", engraving depicting the science of mechanical perspective after observations of Italian perspective drawing. | Dec 1525 | 27-May-07 | http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi951.htm "Engines of our Ingenuity" No. 951: PHYSIONOTRACE by John H. John H. Lienhard Image http://www.uh.edu/engines/durer1.gif Courtesy of Special Collections, UH Library (from Underweysung der Messung, mit dem Zirckel un Richtscheyt [Nuremberg]) | Stewart Dickson |
| 108 | invention | On August 19, 1839, the French government issued a patent to Louis Daguerre for his invention, the Daguerreotype, thereby accrediting him as the father of photography. Daguerre promoted his invention as both an artistic medium as well as a valuable scientific tool. | Aug 1839 | 21-Feb-07 | Casey | |
| 109 | invention | GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications. By early 1980's, the growth of the cellular telephone system takes off (particularly in Europe). The first GSM network was launched in 1991 by Radiolinja in Finland. In 1989, GSM responsibility was transferred to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. By the end of 1993, over a million subscribers were using GSM phone networks being operated by 70 carriers across 48 countries. Today, GSM service is used by over 2 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. | Dec 1980 | 21-Feb-07 | noa | |
| 110 | invention | The telegraph and Morse code | Dec 1835 | 21-Feb-07 | Based on an earlier discovery of William Sturgeon's electromagnet in 1825 and Joseph Henry's experiment to send an electric current over a mile of wire to activate an electromagnet to strike a bell, Samuel Morse, in 1835, was able to send pulses of current through a wire. The pulses would deflect an electromagnet, which, in turn, would move a marker that would produce dots and dashes on a piece of paper. | Jon |
| 111 | art | London-based photo-digital artist, Henry Reichhold is using Nokia 7600 and 7610 camera phones to create huge panoramic images of events and places. He is interested in low-resolution camera phone because the image is very different from traditional camera. The other reason he uses camera phone is he likes the quick capture and the real feel of the events for the time baed art. | Jul 2004 | 22-Feb-07 | Vivian | |
| 112 | invention | SKYWRITING; On November 28, 1922 Captain Cyril B. Turner was the first American to skywrite. He wrote "Hello USA Call Vanderbilt 7200". 47,000 people called that number which happened to be the number of the hotel room that the president of the American Tobacco Company was staying. This persuaded him to use skywriting as a means of advertising for his Lucky Strike cigarettes. Skywriting was popular for a brief time to advertise or spell out any sort of short message. When national highways were built skywriting became less popular because it was a much less efficient form of advertising than billboards. Today, few pilots have the skills to traditionally 'skywrite' but there is a more modern term 'skytyping' which involves computerized release of smoke that doesnt involve tricky navigation. | Nov 1922 | 22-Feb-07 | The idea of something so temporary that such a large number of people will see is a very romantic idea. In fact, I'm pretty sure I've seen it in several films/cartoons. The first that comes to mind is the Wizard of OZ, only the skywriting is from a broom, not a plane =) | the wrist. |
| 113 | invention | Leica began making cameras | Dec 1925 | 22-Feb-07 | When Leica began producing cameras, 35mm technology was just getting popular. Within a few years, photographers could carry many rolls of film and a number of interchangeable lenses providing contrast to photographers 50 years earlier who depended on portable wet plate processing labs and needed to carry large wooden tripods. Leica developed lens technology creating fast lenses (f1.8) allowing for small handheld cameras to shoot in low light situations. Suddenly a photograph could be printed in a newspaper that was shot only the day before. The ties in directly with the development of a media saturated culture. | JP |
| 114 | art | While not the first to combine animation and sound, Walter Elias Disney was the first to do it successfully. Steamboat Willie, featuring Mickey Mouse, ushered in the new age of sound animation. | Dec 1901 | 11-Oct-07 | Gerardo | |
| 138 | invention | 54e354e | Dec 2007 | 10-Nov-07 | hi | lary |
| 139 | invention | 54e354e | Dec 2007 | 10-Nov-07 | hi google | lary |
| 116 | invention | Flash, the vector-based animation software contributes to the formation of the vector art. | Dec 1993 | 22-Feb-07 | Charlie Jackson, Jonathan Gay, and Michelle Welsh started their software company called FutureWave in January, 1993. Their first product SmartSketch, was the forerunner for Flash. In December 1996, Macromedia acquired the vector-based animation software and later released it as Flash 1.0. | YT |
| 117 | invention | The first practical transistor was built. Created by William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain while working at Bell Labs, this paved the way for nearly all modern electronics. | Dec 1947 | 22-Feb-07 | Robb Wykoff | |
| 118 | invention | Barcode The first barcode was developed in 1948 by two graduate students at Drexel Institute of Technology, Bernard Silver and Norman Joseph Woodland. They filed for a U.S. patent in October 1949 and it was granted in 1952. Its implementation was made possible through the work of Raymond Alexander and Frank Stietz, two engineers with Sylvania, as a result of their work on a system to identify railroad cars (who were also granted a patent). It was not until 1966 that barcodes were put to commercial use and they were not commercially successful until the 1980s. While traditionally barcode encoding schemes represented only numbers, newer symbologies add new characters such as the uppercase alphabet to the complete ASCII character set and beyond. Since their invention in the 20th century, barcodes -- especially the UPC code -- have slowly become an essential part of modern civilization. Their use is widespread, and the technology behind barcodes is constantly improving. today, even people are barcoded while in prison or at the hospital... imagine the future of this control system in our society. (cf. Bruce Sterling) | Dec 1948 | 06-May-07 | I read that the first product sold in the USA to have a barcode was Wrigley's Gum. | jay |
| 119 | invention | the first graphite pencil was made in Borrowdale, England by wrapping sticks of graphite in string. later graphite was inserted into wood that had been hollowed out by hand. | Dec 1564 | 01-Mar-07 | Jonathan Pacheco | |
| 121 | invention | Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press with replaceable/moveable wooden or metal letters. This method revolutionized the production of books. It has also influenced the language used today when speaking about typography. For example; x-height, ascender, descender, etc. all originate from the metal type that was used in Gutenberg's printing press. | Dec 1436 | 14-Mar-07 | the wrist. | |
| 122 | invention | Anything that casts new shadows of the Platonic forms; be it from illumination from the light or the darkness above the light. | Apr 2001 | 01-Apr-07 | ||
| 123 | invention | Compact Disc; allows for music to become vastly more portable without suffering the loss of quality from other devices, such as cassettes or having to bear the indignity of having an 8-track. | Dec 1982 | 01-May-07 | Dire Straits' "Brothers in Arms" was the first commercially available CD, and the title track is not to be missed. | Comm. 320 Extra Cred |
| 124 | invention | Etienne-Jules Marey, Sculptures of birds in flight mounted in a Miroscope -- a Four-Dimensional Zoetrope | Dec 1887 | 24-May-07 | http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/marey.html | Stewart Dickson |
| 125 | invention | Eadweard Muybridge: Nude Descending Stairs, Chronophotography | Dec 1887 | 11-Jun-07 | http://www.figuredrawings.com/Animation.html -> http://www.figuredrawings.com/animate6.html | Stewart Dickson |
| 126 | art | Marcel Duchamp, "Nude Descending a Staircase", a fusion of the science of chronophotography, study of human locomotion and futurism with painting | Dec 1912 | 24-May-07 | Stewart Dickson | |
| 127 | art | Man Ray, "Le Retour a la Raison" (Return to Reason) | Dec 1923 | 24-May-07 | It also gains in interest if one is intrigued by the history of surrealists & dadaists, & knows that a fight broke out in the audience on the night of this film's premiere, between a chap who disliked it & a chap who wanted the chap who disliked it to shut the hell up. http://www.weirdwildrealm.com/f-experimentalpiffles.html | Stewart Dickson |
| 128 | art | Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, considered by many to be the first cubist painting. | Dec 1907 | 24-May-07 | Cubism often used simultaneous multiple perspective to capture ideas of a fourth spatial dimension. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/math5.geometry/unit16/unit16.html | Stewart Dickson |
| 129 | art | Marcel Duchamp meets Francois Le Lionnais | Dec 1960 | 25-May-07 | The first questions Duchamp asked of Le Lionnais concerned the Moebius Strip and the Klein Bottle. -- Account given by Francois Le Lionnais, October 1976. http://www.toutfait.com/issues/volume2/issue_5/news/clair/clair.html "Les Oulipiens" http://www.oulipo.net/oulipiens/FLL | Stewart Dickson |
| 132 | invention | 1978-1982 Henry W. Levison established the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Subcommittee DO1.57, "Artists' Paint and Related Materials" -- this led to ASTM Standard D 4303, "Test Methods for Lightfastness of Pigments Used in Artists' Paints" | Dec 1978 | 27-May-07 | http://www.jstor.org/view/0024094x/ap050066/05a00250/0 | Stewart Dickson |
| 133 | invention | Zero (NULL, nought, sunya) | Jan 0100 | 30-May-07 | http://www.gosai.com/chaitanya/saranagati/html/vishnu_mjs/math/math.html The earliest preserved examples of the number system which is still in use today are found on several stone columns erected in India by King Ashoka in about 250 B.C.E. Similar inscriptions are found in caves near Poona (100 B.C.E.) and Nasik (200 C.E.). These earliest Indian numerals appear in a script called brahmi. Herbert Meschkowski, "Ways of Thought of Great Mathematicians", Holden-Day Inc., San Francisco, 1964. Howard Eves, "An Introduction to the History of Mathematics", Rinehart and Company Inc., New York, 1953, p. 19. After 700 C.E. another notation, called by the name "Indian numerals," (Al-Arqan-Al-Hindu) which is said to have evolved from the brahmi numerals, assumed common usage, spreading to Arabia and from there around the world. | Stewart Dickson |
| 134 | art | Artist Brian J. Sullivan has pioneered the use of industrial heat presses to adhere photographic images to canvas. His largest piece is 13 ft. by 10 ft. and is made up of over 112 individual canvas panel of various spacing from the wall. This piece took over two years to complete and has been exhibited at Bradley Uninversity Hueuser Gallery and currently at Algonquin City Hall. In addition to the heat transfer process that Mr. Sullivan has adopted to art making he is also creating works with water slide decals into his large oil paintings. Some of this work can be seen at:www.BrianSullivanArt.com or eamil him for complete description. | Dec 2002 | 11-Jun-07 | Picasso used many different materials in the creation of his work, materials which were available to him during his lifetime. Mr. Sullivan has taken materials of his generation and use them in combination with traditional pratices such as oil painting, collage, and sculpture. Because the technique is so new/unusual, Mr. Sullivan has trouble explaining/exhibiting it because people don't know what to think. Twenty years from now people will look back and not think any thing about it. | Tina |